1. A part of overall business risk associated with the use, ownership, operation, involvement, influence and adoption of information and technology (I&T) within an enterprise. The period of time in the software life cycle during which the requirements, such as functional and performance capabilities for a software product, are defined and documented. A refinement called hierarchical input-process-output identifies the steps, inputs and outputs at both general and detailed levels of detail. Validate your expertise and experience. An attack strategy in which the attacker intercepts the communication stream between two parts of the victim system and then replaces the traffic between the two components with the intruders own, eventually assuming control of the communication. Generally, a collection of activities influenced by the enterprises policies and procedures that takes inputs from a number of sources, (including other processes), manipulates the inputs and produces outputs. The ability of end users to design and implement their own information system utilizing computer software products. A programming language that requires little knowledge of the target computer, can be translated into several different machine languages, allows symbolic naming of operations and addresses, provides features designed to facilitate expression of data structures and program logic, and usually results in several machine instructions for each program statement. A financial system that establishes the means for transferring money between suppliers and users of funds, ordinarily by exchanging debits or credits between banks or financial institutions. Result of analysis and refinement of customer requirements into a set of requirements suitable for inclusion in solicitation packages or supplier agreements. Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) is a high-level programming language intended to facilitate learning to program in an interactive environment. A public algorithm that operates on plaintext in blocks (strings or groups) of bits. If a category is not needed this Field can be changed or removed. Scope Notes: With star topology, all transmissions from one station to another pass through the central controller which is responsible for managing and controlling all communication. A product, product component, service, service system, service system component, or delivered or acquired product or service. The link is permitted only if the caller is calling from a valid phone number or telecommunications channel. Any operation or set of operations that is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collecting; recording; organizing; structuring; storing; adapting or altering; retrieving;, consulting; using; disclosing by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available; aligning or combining; restricting; erasing or destructing. Scope Notes: A closer definition of the Japanese usage of Kaizen is "to take it apart and put it back together in a better way." It is not intended to be a comprehensive list. IT service, project, asset and other resource portfolios are of primary interest to COBIT.). See Application software, Operating system, System software and Utility software. Controls that have been programmed and embedded within an application. Fixed values derived mathematically from a text message, The individual hash power contributed by a single miner or worker to the PoW hash rate. It is a network application that uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to verify reachability of another host on the connected network. Possible actions that may be taken when implementing processes that meet the intent of a practice. An area that describes a certain governance topic, domain or issue that can be addressed by a collection of governance and management objectives and their components. The part of a recommendation system that provides a value or ranking for each item produced by the candidate generation phase. A communication line permanently assigned to connect two points, as opposed to a dial-up line that is only available and open when a connection is made by dialing the target machine or network. The person or persons who provide the policy and overall guidance for the process, but do not typically provide the direct day-to-day monitoring and controlling of the process. A change to blockchain software, such that any nodes validating according to the old software, will see all blocks produced subsequent to the new software as invalid. A hierarchical database that is distributed across the Internet that allows names to be resolved into IP addresses (and vice versa) to locate services, such as web and email servers. You have entered an incorrect email address! Also referred to as inherent cause of variation. Scope Notes: In ring topology, signals transmitted around the ring take the form of messages. Any of the five main architectural elements or parts that compose the CMMI model. In data communication, a machine action, such as carriage return or line feed. The software is used by the customer in a setting approximating the target environment, with the developer observing and recording errors and usage problems. Scope Notes: The plan includes documented procedures and guidelines for defining the criticality of incidents, reporting and escalation process, and recovery procedures. An interest rate used to calculate a present value which might or might not include the time value of money, tax effects, risk or other factors. Steps Involved In Defining Project Scope - GreyCampus Any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyze or predict aspects concerning that natural person's performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behavior, location or movements. A natural or legal person, public authority, agency or body, other than the data subject, controller, processor and persons who, under the direct authority of the controller or processor, are authorized to process personal data. Synonymous with user manual and operator manual. This protocol uses Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) and Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) for stronger encryption. A cracker may download this information in an attempt to crack the program so he/she can use it. The denial by one of the parties to a transaction, or participation in all or part of that transaction, or of the content of communication related to that transaction. Contrasts with debugging. A general term that is used to mean one part of something more complex. As part of the initial planning phase and project brief, assumptions are identified and documented. Also known as a dedicated line. See Adaptive maintenance, corrective maintenance and Perfective maintenance. Those controls that seek to maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Earned Value is termed as the methodology in which three main aspects of projects i.e. Token passing prevents data collisions that can occur when two computers begin transmitting at the same time. AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate | AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner | Microsoft Azure Exam AZ-204 Certification | Microsoft Azure Exam AZ-900 Certification | Google Cloud Certified Associate Cloud Engineer | Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals (PL-900) | AWS Certified SysOps Administrator Associate, Cloud Computing | AWS | Azure | GCP | DevOps | Cyber Security | Microsoft Power Platform. CRM is also an industry term for software solutions that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized manner. Servers typically run network operating systems. It is defined as the process of assessment of a designed plan. See Testing, branch; Testing, path and Testing, statement. The aim of the Focus strategy is to grow market share through operating in a niche market, or market with less competition. Iterating through these activities can be necessary to establish the project plan. Any software development technique that includes structured design and results in the development of structured programs. - Establish the internal audit functions position within the enterprise, - Authorize access to records, personnel and physical properties relevant to the performance of IS audit and assurance engagements, - Define the scope of audit functions activities. Synonymous with software audit. Project Management glossary contains a number of project management terms that will help the project team to standardize the projects startup process. Scope Notes: Transparency and stakeholder trust are directly related; the more transparency in the governance process, the more confidence in the governance. An algorithm that maps or translates one set of bits into another (generally smaller) so that a message yields the same result every time the algorithm is executed using the same message as input, 2. Boolean algebra is the study of operations carried out on variables that can have only one of two possible values, i.e., 1 (true) and 0 (false). The initial steps of risk management: analyzing the value of assets to the business, identifying threats to those assets and evaluating how vulnerable each asset is to those threats. This can be defined as the point at which entry or reference is made to a module, and what data pass across the interface. A projects assumptions can affect its risks and outcomes, so you must consider them carefully. Scope Notes: CORBA enables modules of network-based programs to communicate with one another. Over the years, many vendors have provided both hardware and software solutions to gain remote access to various types of networked information. 1. The protection of private or sensitive information by encrypting or removing personally identifiable information from data sets to keep the people whom the data represent anonymous, Artificially boosting the range and number of training examples by transforming existing examples to create additional examples. Business activities or information that could not be interrupted or unavailable for several business days without significantly jeopardizing operation of the enterprise. A proven activity or process that has been successfully used by multiple enterprises. The interpreter must be resident in the computer each time a program [source code file] written in an interpreted language is executed. These leaders in their fields share our commitment to pass on the benefits of their years of real-world experience and enthusiasm for helping fellow professionals realize the positive potential of technology and mitigate its risk. Scope Notes: Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution and printing text. An outcome can be an artifact, a significant change of a state or a significant capability improvement. The policies, standards, plans and procedures, and organizational structures designed to provide reasonable assurance that enterprise objectives will be achieved and undesired events will be prevented or detected and corrected, 1. See also Journal Entry. EDI promotes a more efficient paperless environment. A formal statement expressed by the IS audit or assurance professional that describes the scope of the audit, the procedures used to produce the report and whether or not the findings support that the audit criteria have been met. A boot program, in firmware, typically performs the boot function, which includes loading basic instructions that tell the computer how to load programs into memory and how to begin executing those programs. A measure that is considered the "driver" of a lag indicator. Process-related documentation, records, and information such as policies, an organizations set of standard processes, tailoring guidelines, checklists, lessons learned, templates, standards, procedures, plans, training materials, etc. where the participants can actively, clearly, and continually see and hear each other on camera and on audio. A system that outlines the policies and procedures necessary to improve and control the various processes that will ultimately lead to improved enterprise performance. Used to ensure that input data agree with predetermined criteria stored in a table. An approach by an enterprise that will ensure its recovery and continuity in the face of a disaster or other major outage. 3. They are also referred to as a key goal indicator (KGI) and used to indicate whether goals have been met. See Incremental development, Rapid prototyping, Spiral model and Waterfall model. Contrasts with incremental development, rapid prototyping and waterfall model. Tasks that determine the needs or conditions to meet a new or altered solution, accounting for multiple perspectives, e.g., balancing stakeholder needs and constraints, allocation of requirements to components, breaking down complex requirements to lower level requirements (CMMI). A collection of data, often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a schema to serve one or more applications. A clearly and formally defined plan, structured approach, and set of related activities and procedures with the objective of realizing and maintaining a security-aware culture. A mode of operation in which two or more processes [programs] are executed concurrently [simultaneously] by separate CPUs that have access to a common main memory. - Measurable provide for consistent measurement, - Complete include all relevant factors to reach a conclusion, - Relevant relate to the subject matter. Because of ones tendency to focus on only one dimension of a project, scope creep can also result in a project team overrunning its original budget and schedule. It also pre-decides the requirements which inherits characteristics. This implies that only serial and recoverable schedules are permitted, and that committed transactions are not discarded when undoing aborted transactions. A technique to look for a linear relationship (i.e., one where the relationship between two varying amounts, such as price and sales, can be expressed with an equation that can be represented as a straight line on a graph) by starting with a set of data points that do not necessarily line up nicely. Elements or parts that compose the CMMI model maintenance and Perfective maintenance, as. And Testing, branch ; Testing, path and Testing, statement of.. 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