Heavy work: 350500 kcal/hour 2018 NCEES 133 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety Convective 0.6 C = 0.65 Vair (tair 95) C = convective heat load (BTU/hour) V = air velocity (ft/minute) tair = dry bulb temperature (F) Radiant R = 15 ( tw 95) R = radiant heat load (BTU/hour) tw = mean radiant temperature (F) HSI Values 1030 moderate 4060 severe 7090 very severe Body Heat Storage, S S = Ereq Emax (BTU/hr) Ventilation Fan Characteristics Typical Backward Curved Fans DPQ Wo = h f P POWER Wo = fan power P = pressure rise f f = fan efficiency CONSTANT N, D, FLOW RATE, Q Air Horsepower (ahp) Assuming 100% efficiency, air horsepower (ahp) is the power required to move a given air volume against a given pressure. Our exam practice questions are exam-like, which means they reference the appropriate NCEES Handbook, they are a similar length to the real exam, and they use multiple-choice questions like the exam. Experts recommend at least 3 months of study before you take the exam! TWA Noise Level D TWA , 90 + 16.61 c log10 100 m TWA in dBA D = percentage dose Em = mixed exposure n c Em = / ti i=1 i Heat Stress Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Average WBGT = (WBGT1)(t1)+ (WBGT2)(t2) ++(WBGTn)(tn) /[(t1)+(t2)+(tn)] For indoor and outdoor conditions with no solar load, WBGT is calculated as: WBGT = 0.7NWB + 0.3GT For outdoors with a solar load, WBGT is calculated as WBGT = 0.7NWB + 0.2GT + 0.1DB WBGT = Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Index NWB = Natural Wet-Bulb Temperature DB = Dry-Bulb Temperature GT = Globe Temperature 2018 NCEES 132 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety OSHA-Permissible Heat Exposure Threshold Limit Value ------------- Work Load* -----------Work/rest regimen Continuous work 75% Work, 25% rest, each hour 50% Work, 50% rest, each hour 25% Work, 75% rest, each hour Light 30.0C (86F) 30.6C (87F) 31.4C (89F) 32.2C (90F) Moderate 26.7C (80F) 28.0C (82F) 29.4C (85F) 31.1C (88F) Heavy 25.0C (77F) 25.9C (78F) 27.9C (82F) 30.0C (86F) These TLV's are based on the assumption that nearly all acclimatized, fully clothed workers with adequate water and salt intake should be able to function effectively under the given working conditions without exceeding a deep body temperature of 38C (100.4F). The product is i j k A # B = ax ay az = - B # A bx by bz The sense of A B is determined by the right-hand rule. Handles Not or Cut-outs GOOD Coupling GOOD FAIR POOR Not POOR Loose Part / Irreg. of Hg in. 160 162 400 278 144 58.3 32.0 158 82.0 84.0 106 58.4 79.8 54.1 66.7 139 n.a. Employers and workers use the SDS as a source of information about hazards and to obtain advice on safety precautions. Although the FE Exam isn't open-book, the reference handbook has everything you need to pass the FE exam. 2022. (For water systems that collect fewer than 40 routine samples per month, no more than one sample can be total coliform-positive per month.) Environmental Enforcement Authorities (EEAs), sometimes called Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs), are the regulat, This handbook is an in-depth guide to the practical aspects of materials and corrosion engineering in the energy and che, PE Environmental Reference Handbook Version 1.2 This document may be printed from the NCEES Web site for your personal use, but it may not be copied, reproduced, distributed electronically or in print, or posted online without the express written permission of NCEES. Ensure exam day success with the PE Environmental Reviewfrom Michael R. Lindeburg, PE. 1. Acids have pH < 7. Piping: Flocculation and sedimentation basins shall be as close together as possible. You should select the exam that best supports your current career. The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers to provide SDSs to communicate the hazards of hazardous chemical products. of H2O in. I know the exam specifications, and I know what engineers need in order to pass. Comprehensive Environmental PE Exam Coverage The Environmental Engineering Reference Manual is the most comprehensive textbook for the NCEES Environmental PE exam. Using the same basic formula with only minor substitutions, safety managers can calculate the following types of incidence rates: 1. After passing the FE exam, students receive an engineer-in-training (EIT) certificate that they can then use to access new opportunities and better pay. Handbooks may be printed from the NCEES web site for your personal use, but they may not be copied, reproduced, distributed electronically or in print, or posted online without written permission from NCEES. Cryptosporidium Giardia lamblia zero zero MCL or TT1 (mg/L)2 TT3 TT3 Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) n/a TT3 Legionella zero TT3 Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. coli) zero 5.0%4 Contaminant 1 MCLG (mg/L)2 Turbidity n/a TT3 Viruses (enteric) zero TT3 MCLG1 (mg/L)2 Contaminant Bromate zero Chlorite 0.8 Haloacetic acids (HAA5) n/a6 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) Contaminant --> n/a6 MCLG1 (mg/L)2 Chloramines (as Cl2) MRDLG = 41 Chlorine (as Cl2) MRDLG = 41 Chlorine dioxide (as ClO2) MRDLG = 0.81 2018 NCEES Microorganisms Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Gastrointestinal illness (such as diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps) Gastrointestinal illness (such as diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps) HPC has no health effects; it is an analytic method used to measure the variety of bacteria that are common in water. The knowledge and test-taking tips from the instructor were very helpful. 151 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles A unit normal distribution table is included at the end of this section. 2018 NCEES 136 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety Hood Loss Coefficients See Hood Entry Loss Coefficients Table See Expansions and Contractions Table Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design, 28th ed., Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2013, p. 6-42. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! The number of different permutations of n objects taken n at a time, given that ni are of type i, where i = 1, 2, , k and ni = n, is P _ n; n1, n2, f, nk i = n! Space-velocity SV is the reciprocal of space-time, SV = 1/. n.a. I spend a lot of time writing my material to be thorough, clear, and accurate. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Q = A2v2 = CcCv A 2g ^h1 - h2h = CA 2g ^h1 - h2h in which the product of Cc and Cv is defined as the coefficient of discharge of the orifice. High-risk facilities are those that possess, in specified quantities, these types of chemicals: Chemicals with the potential to create a toxic cloud or vapor cloud explosion that would affect populations within and beyond the facility if intentionally released Chemicals with the potential to affect populations within or beyond the facility if intentionally detonated Chemicals that could be stolen or diverted and used in explosives or improvised explosive devices Chemicals that could be stolen or diverted and used directly as chemical weapons or weapons of mass effect or could be easily converted to chemical weapons Possession of chemicals that, if mixed with other readily available materials, have potential to create significant adverse consequences for human life or health Risk-Based Performance Standards Guidance: Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2009, pp. Similar definitions exist for LC10 and LD10, where the corresponding percentages are 10%. The following expression is for the minimum heat flux for a large horizontal plate: qo min = 0.09 tv h fg > vg _tl - tv i _tl + tv i 2 1/4 H The relation above can be in error by 50% or more. The Environmental PE exam was 100 questions. Excellent review of engineering concepts. Ive highlighted the PE Civil Reference Handbook in the screenshot below as this will be the most commonly used one. 29.2 16.0 n.a. You will not regret taking this prep course because it will make you feel absolutely ready when you enter those doors on exam day. The instructors are more than happy to answer them for you. I needed the Civil Reference for about 15 questions. Find the link for your respective PE Reference Handbook, click on it, and . Maloney, Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984, p. 3-78. The handbook seeks to answer commonly asked questions ranging from health insurance to which federal days the restaurant is closed. 2018 NCEES 119 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety Estimated average trend curves for net hearing loss at 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz after continuous exposure to steady noise are shown. ", "This course is a must for everyone. Item Width 8.5in. This value is the break-even point. A restaurant employee handbook should be made available to all employees to inform them of their rights, obligations, and benefits. 2018 NCEES 123 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety Selected Chemical Interaction Eects Relative toxicity (hypothetical) Effect Example Additive 2+3=5 Organophosphate pesticides Synergistic 2 + 3 = 20 Cigarette smoking + asbestos Antagonistic 6+6=8 Toluene + benzene or caffeine + alcohol EPA/630/R-00/002: Supplementary Guidance for Conducting Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, pp. The pressure drop P1 P2 is given by the following: P1 P2 = hf = ghf 2018 NCEES 3 Chapter 1: Water Field Equation The field equation is derived when the energy equation is applied to one-dimensional flows. i Ti Ci = time spent at specified SPL (hours) Ti = time permitted at SPL (hours) ! 1,135 1,310 2,345 519 609 84 1,544 1,472 3,380 2,721 1,983 86 1,947 312 4,436 2,804 620 356 1,202 2,282 38 4,748 2,651 4,397 5,486 2,829 3,221 145 3,565 102 4,190 1,760 208 1,418 5,432 579 3,092 449 3,038 6,128 2,075 3,488 786 3,362 895.9 209.3 347.5 284.7 2,051.5 125.6 234.5 217.7 636.4 188.4 406.5 431.2 389.4 330.7 129.8 238.6 138.2 456.4 129.8 4,576.2 1,046.7 502.4 142.3 272.1 439.6 267.9 129.8 230.3 134 753.6 242.8 330.7 255.4 234.5 1,235.1 150.7 138.2 117.2 230.3 527.5 142.8 117.2 481.5 393.5 284.7 172 Electrical Heat Conductivity Resistivity [W/(mK)] 8 (10 m) at 0C at 0C (273.2 K) (273.2 K) 2.5 39 26 36 2.8 107 6.8 18.8 3.2 7.3 12.7 5.6 1.55 13.6 2.05 8 4.7 8.9 19.2 8.55 3.94 138 94.1 5 6.2 15.2 8.1 10 9.81 6.1 4.3 11 7.1 1.47 4.2 20 12.3 10 14.7 11.5 39 4.9 28 18.2 5.5 40 236 25.5 218 8.2 97 36 11 96.5 105 403 41 319 84 147 83.5 36 86 157 8 7.8 139 94 53 88 72 72 104 151 58 117 428 142 57 10 54 68 22 177 27 31 117 23 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles Heat Transfer Energy and Heat Qt = Qs + Ql = mcT + mh Qt = total energy (heat) Qs = energy to change temperature (sensible heat) Ql = energy to change phase (latent heat) m = mass c = specific heat (heat capacity) T = change in temperature hsl = latent heat of fusion (143.4 Btu/lb for water at 1 atm) hfg = latent heat of vaporization (970.3 Btu/lb for water at 1 atm) Conduction Fourier's Law of Conduction : dT Q = kA dx : Q = rate of heat transfer (W) k = thermal conductivity [W/(mK)] A = surface area perpendicular to direction of heat transfer (m2) Convection Newton's Law of Cooling Q = hA _Tw - T3 i : h = convection heat-transfer coefficient of the fluid [W/(m2K)] A = convection surface area (m2) Tw = wall surface temperature (K) T = bulk fluid temperature (K) Radiation The radiation emitted by a body is given by : Q = fvAT 4 = emissivity of the body = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 108 W/(m2K4) A = body surface area (m2) T = absolute temperature (K) 2018 NCEES 173 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles Conduction Through a Plane Wall : Q= kA _T2 T1 i L k T1 A = wall surface area normal to heat flow (m2) T2 L = wall thickness (m) T1 = temperature of one surface of the wall (K) L Q T2 = temperature of the other surface of the wall (K) Conduction Through a Cylindrical Wall Q T1 T2 k r1 r2 Cylinder (Length = L) : Q= 2kL _T1 - T2 i r ln d r2 n 1 Critical Insulation Radius rcr = h kinsulation h3 r insulation k insulation Thermal Resistance (R) : DT Q= R total Resistances in series are added: Rtotal = RR, where Plane Wall Conduction Resistance (K/W): R = L , where L = wall thickness kA r ln d r2 n 1 Cylindrical Wall Conduction Resistance (K/W): R = , where L = cylinder length 2rkL Convection Resistance (K/W): R = 1 hA 2018 NCEES 174 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles Composite Plane Wall Fluid 1 T1 T1 h1 kA Fluid 2 T2 h2 kB T2 Q LA 1 h1 A Q T1 LA kA A T1 T3 LB 1 h2 A LB kB A T2 T3 T2 To evaluate surface or intermediate temperatures: : T T T T Q = 1 R 2 = 2R 3 A B Transient Conduction Using the Lumped Capacitance Model The lumped capacitance model is valid if hV Biot number, Bi = kA % 1 s Fluid h, T h = convection heat-transfer coefficient of the fluid [W/(m2K)] 3 V = volume of the body (m ) Body As k = thermal conductivity of the body [W/(mK)] , V, c P, T As = surface area of the body (m2) Constant Fluid Temperature If the temperature may be considered uniform within the body at any time, the heat-transfer rate at the body surface is given by dT Q = hAs _T T3 i = tV _cP ic dt m : T = body temperature (K) T = fluid temperature (K) = density of the body (kg/m3) cP = heat capacity of the body [J/(kgK)] t = time (s) The temperature variation of the body with time is T - T3 = _Ti - T3i e- bt, where hAs b= tVcP 2018 NCEES where b = 1x and x = time constant ^ sh 175 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles The total heat transferred (Qtotal) up to time t is Qtotal = tVcP _Ti - T i, where Ti = initial body temperature (K) Fins For a straight fin with uniform cross section (assuming negligible heat transfer from tip), Q = hPkAc _Tb T3 j tanh _mLc i : h = convection heat-transfer coefficient of the fluid [W/(m2K)] P = perimeter of exposed fin cross section (m) k = fin thermal conductivity [W/(mK)] Ac = fin cross-sectional area (m2) Tb = temperature at base of fin (K) T = fluid temperature (K) m= hP kAc A Lc = L + c , corrected length of fin (m) P Rectangular Fin T , h P = 2w + 2t Ac = w t t Tb w L Pin Fin T , h P= D D Tb 2018 NCEES L 176 Ac = D 2 4 Chapter 6: Associated Engineering Principles Convection Terms D = diameter (m) h = average convection heat-transfer coefficient of the fluid [W/(m2K)] L = length (m) Nu = average Nusselt number c n Pr = Prandtl number = P k um = mean velocity of fluid (m/s) u = free stream velocity of fluid (m/s) = dynamic viscosity of fluid [kg/(sm)] = density of fluid (kg/m3) External Flow In all cases, evaluate fluid properties at average temperature between that of the body and that of the flowing fluid. Assuming no friction losses and that no pump or turbine exists between Sections 1 and 2 in the system, 2 2 P2 v2 P 1 v1 + + = + z 2 c 2g c 2g + z1 or 2 2 P2 v2 P 1 v1 + + = + + z g 2 t t 2 2 z1 g P1, P2 = pressure at Sections 1 and 2 v1, v2 = average velocity of the fluid at the sections z1, z2 = vertical distance from a datum to the sections (potential energy) = specific weight of the fluid = g g = acceleration of gravity = fluid density Reynolds Number (Newtonian Fluid) vD vD Re = = where v = average velocity = mass density D = diameter of the pipe, dimension of the fluid streamline, or characteristic length = dynamic viscosity = kinematic viscosity Re = Reynolds number (Newtonian fluid) Flow through a pipe is generally characterized as laminar for Re < 2,100 and fully turbulent for Re > 10,000, and transitional flow for 2,100 < Re < 10,000. Specific hazard rate 7. A performance standard specifies the outcome required, but leaves the specific measures to achieve that outcome up to the discretion of the regulated entity. Download a free copy of the reference handbook for your exam here. A comprehensive national approach improves the effectiveness of emergency management and response personnel across the full spectrum of potential threats and hazards (including natural hazards, terrorist activities, and other human-caused disasters) regardless of size or complexity. 4 interest-free payments or as low as $41 /mo with Affirm. Contact Us When the world is going every which way and your next step isnt clear, stop, take a break, and breathe. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) The SDS provides comprehensive information for use in workplace chemical management. Still fresh in our pe environmental reference handbook pdf. The goal is to protect critical assets, which are defined as assets whose theft, loss, damage, disruption, or degradation would result in significant adverse impacts to human life or health, national security, or critical economic assets. Indentify the material/threat. Carbon dioxide removal CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3(s) + H2O 2. Legionnaire's Disease, a type of pneumonia Not a health threat in itself; it is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present5 Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. I used the Environmental reference for about 75 of the questions. Reviewed in the United States on March 22, 2016. Zuber, Novak, and Myron Tribus, Further Remarks on the Stability of Boiling Heat Transfer, Los Angeles: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1958. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. BHP can be expressed as Pbhp= q dpinWG/ 6,356 (2) Pbhp = brake horsepower (hp) = fan efficiency Types of Pressure Measurements TP = VP + SP TP = total pressure VP = velocity pressure SP = static pressure Conservation of Energy SP1 + VP1 = SP2 + VP2 + hL hL = head loss Velocity Pressure 0.5 m V = 1, 096 c VP t V = 4,005(VP)0.5 V = velocity (ft/min) VP = velocity pressure (water column inches) = density of air at STP Overall Fan Efficiency overall = f t m c overall = overall fan efficiency f = fan, f = se catalog se = system effect, zero system effect means = 1.0 catalog = catalog fan efficiency t = transmission m = motor c = control system 2018 NCEES 135 Chapter 5: Environmental Health and Safety Summary of Hood Airflow Equations Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design, 28th ed., Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2013, p. 6-27. A. Dev. Environmental Engineering Reference Manual Pe The Environmental Engineering Reference Manual is the most comprehensive textbook for the NCEES Environmental PE exam. in. The PDF version of the PE Environmental Reference Handbook that you use on . Since 1975, he has authored over 40 engineering reference and exam preparation books. The PE Environmental exam, a computer-based exam, is 9 hours long and includes 80 questions. x = 0, 1, 2, , n C(n, x) = number of combinations n, p = parameters The variance is given by the form 2 = npq Normal Distribution (Gaussian Distribution) This is a unimodal distribution, the mode being x = , with two points of inflection (each located at a distance to either side of the mode). A. Carcinogens For carcinogens, EPA considers an acceptable risk to be within the range of 10-4 to 10-6. In all these examples, gc should be regarded as a unit conversion factor. 2018 NCEES 1 Chapter 1: Water The difference in pressure between two different points is P2 P1 = (z2 z1) = h = gh Absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure reading Absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure vacuum gauge pressure reading Energy Equation (Bernoulli) P V2 H = Za + a + 2ag H = total head (ft) Pa = pressure head Pa = pressure (lb/ft 2) = specific weight of fluid (lb/ft3) Va2 2g = velocity head Va = velocity (ft/sec) g = acceleration of gravity (32.2 ft/sec 2) Za = elevation (ft) Manometers P P P Bober, W., and R.A. Kenyon, Fluid Mechanics, 1st ed. Continue Reading. Hair or fingernail loss; numbness in fingers or toes; circulatory problems Hair loss; changes in blood; kidney, intestine, or liver problems 38 Decay of asbestos cement in water mains; erosion of natural deposits Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits Discharge from metal refineries and coalburning factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories Water additive which promotes strong teeth; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and croplands Runoff from fertilizer use; leaking from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits Runoff from fertilizer use; leaking from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits Discharge from petroleum refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories Chapter 1: Water Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants (continued) Contaminant Acrylamide Alachlor Atrazine Benzene Organic Chemicals Potential Health Effects from Long-Term MCLG1 MCL or TT1 Exposure Above the MCL (unless specified as (mg/L)2 (mg/L)2 short-term) Nervous system or blood problems; increased 8 zero TT risk of cancer Eye, liver, kidney, or spleen problems; anemia; zero 0.002 increased risk of cancer 0.003 0.003 Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased zero 0.005 risk of cancer Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) zero Carbofuran 0.04 Carbon tetrachloride zero Chlordane zero Chlorobenzene 0.1 2,4-D Dalapon 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) o-Dichlorobenzene 0.07 0.2 p-Dichlorobenzene 0.075 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1-Dichloroethylene cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene Dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloropropane zero 0.007 0.07 0.1 zero zero zero 0.6 Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate 0.4 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate zero Dinoseb 0.007 Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) zero Diquat Endothall Endrin 0.02 0.1 0.002 Epichlorohydrin zero Ethylbenzene 0.7 Ethylene dibromide zero Glyphosate Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide 0.7 zero zero Hexachlorobenzene zero Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 Lindane 0.0002 Methoxychlor 0.04 Oxamyl (Vydate) 0.2 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) zero 2018 NCEES Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment Runoff from herbicide used on row crops Runoff from herbicide used on row crops Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills Leaching from linings of water storage tanks 0.0002 Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer and distribution lines Problems with blood, nervous system, or Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and 0.04 reproductive system alfalfa Discharge from chemical plants and other 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer industrial activities Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk 0.002 Residue of banned termiticide of cancer Discharge from chemical and agricultural 0.1 Liver or kidney problems chemical factories 0.07 Kidney, liver, or adrenal gland problems Runoff from herbicide used on row crops 0.2 Minor kidney changes Runoff from herbicide used on rights-of-way Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on 0.0002 Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards 0.6 Liver, kidney, or circulatory system problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories Anemia; liver, kidney, or spleen damage; 0.075 Discharge from industrial chemical factories changes in blood 0.005 Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial chemical factories 0.007 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories 0.07 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories 0.1 Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories 0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from drug and chemical factories 0.005 Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial chemical factories Weight loss, liver problems, or possible 0.4 Discharge from chemical factories reproductive difficulties. PE Environmental Reference Handbook Version 1.2 This document may be printed from the NCEES Web site for your personal use, but it may not be copied, reproduced, distributed electronically or in print, or posted online without the express written permission of NCEES. You might not require more mature to spend to go to the books start as skillfully as search for them. Gastrointestinal illness (such as diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps) Human and animal fecal waste Disinfection Byproducts MCL or TT1 Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure (mg/L)2 Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Byproduct of drinking water 0.010 Increased risk of cancer disinfection Byproduct of drinking water 1.0 Anemia; infants and young children: nervous system effects disinfection Byproduct of drinking water 0.060 Increased risk of cancer disinfection ========-->--> Liver, kidney, or central nervous system problems; increased Byproduct of drinking water 0.080 risk of cancer disinfection Disinfectants MCL or TT1 Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure Above Sources of Contaminant in (mg/L)2 the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Drinking Water Water additive used to control 1 MRDL = 4.0 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort, anemia microbes Water additive used to control 1 MRDL = 4.0 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort microbes Water additive used to control MRDL = 0.81 Anemia; infants and young children: nervous system effects microbes 37 Chapter 1: Water Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants (continued) Contaminant Antimony Arsenic Asbestos (fiber > 10 micrometers) Barium MCLG1 (mg/L)2 0.006 0 7 million fibers per liter (MFL) Inorganic Chemicals MCL or TT1 Potential Health Effects from Long-Term Exposure (mg/L)2 Above the MCL (unless specified as short-term) Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from 0.010 as of Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and orchards, runoff from glass and 01/23/06 may have increased risk of getting cancer electronics production wastes 0.006 Increase in blood cholesterol; decrease in blood sugar 7 MFL Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps 2 2 Beryllium 0.004 0.004 Intestinal lesions Cadmium 0.005 0.005 Kidney damage 0.1 0.1 Chromium (total) Increase in blood pressure Allergic dermatitis Short term exposure: Gastrointestinal distress Copper 1.3 TT7; Action Level = 1.3 Long term exposure: Liver or kidney damage People with Wilson's disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of copper in their water exceeds the action level Cyanide (as free cyanide) 0.2 0.2 Nerve damage or thyroid problems Fluoride 4.0 4.0 Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); Children may get mottled teeth Lead zero Infants and children: Delays in physical or mental development; children could show slight deficits in TT ; Action attention span and learning abilities Level = 0.015 7 Adults: Kidney problems; high blood pressure Mercury (inorganic) 0.002 0.002 Nitrate (measured as Nitrogen) 10 10 Nitrite (measured as Nitrogen) 1 1 Selenium 0.05 0.05 Thallium 0.0005 0.002 2018 NCEES Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Kidney damage Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. 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