The fact that some propose Armenia to be the homeland of the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European would lead one to hope that Armenian represents the language of those speakers who did, In addition, there was a strong stress on the Proto-Armenian penultimate syllable, which led to the loss of any final vowel, and caused /i/ and /u/ to become the. Strabo, writing in the first century B.C., states that the Armenians entered the territory from two directions, one group coming from Phrygia in the west, the other coming from Mesopotamia in the southeast. Ararat-Armenian: Although Armenians were known to history much earlier (for example, they were mentioned in the 6th-century BC Behistun Inscription and in Xenophon's 4th century BC history, The Anabasis),[48] the oldest surviving Armenian-language writing is etched in stone on Armenian temples and is called Mehenagir. Additionally, animate nouns can never take the locative case. Bert Vaux. It is. Although its level of competence has significantly decreased since Armenia's independence in 1991,[4] in 2010, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has reported that about 70% of Armenia's population has the ability to speak Russian. [35], Armenian was generally recognized as a separate branch of the Indo-European family, Armenia was considered to be part of the Persian language by western scholars until the 1870s when it was recognized as a separate Indo-European language. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 85137. In addition to those who speak Russian as a first language, 1,591,246 people or 52.7% of Armenia's citizens speak Russian as a second language[17], Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is spoken by the 3,000-strong Assyrian minority of Armenian. The ancient Armenian calendar had thirty named days for each month in The last symbol is its Latin transliteration. Classical Armenian has no grammatical gender, not even in the pronoun, but there is a feminine suffix (- "-uhi"). That started the process of translating literature from other languages into Armenian. Armenian is an old, rich, and vital language. In addition, neither dialect is completely homogeneous: any dialect can be subdivided into several subdialects. [43] Contact with Greek, Persian, and Syriac also resulted in a number of loanwords. [13], Since 1991 the situation changed radically, in concern of studying it at secondary and high school as a general subject. Armenian has its own, unique script, and a vast repository of texts in Classical, Middle and Modern Armenian for students of Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern and Contemporary eras. Strabo, Geographica, XI, 14, 5; , . . , 1981, 33 (Concise History of Armenian Language, S. Gh. P.125. Armenian is an important witness to almost all aspects of the Middle East in the past two millennia. ", "New Polish legislation regarding national, ethnic and linguistic minorities", "The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland", "MULTILINGVISM I LIMBI MINORITARE N ROMNIA [MULTILINGUALISM AND MINORITY LANGUAGES IN ROMANIA]", Institute of Linguistics "Iorgu Iordan Alexandru Rosetti", "Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy" (Current version Revision from 01.02.2014)", "Javakhk Armenians Looks Ahead to Local Elections", "Challenges and problems of the Armenian community of Georgia", "Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention. The proliferation of newspapers in both versions (Eastern & Western) and the development of a network of schools where modern Armenian was taught, dramatically increased the rate of literacy (in spite of the obstacles by the colonial administrators), even in remote rural areas. Most people who are familiar with the Armenian alphabet probably know that it was the 5th century monk by the name of Mesrop Mashtots who invented the Armenian alphabet, sometimes known as the Mesropian or Mashtotsian alphabet. In addition to those who speak Russian as a first language, 1,591,246 people or 52.7% of Armenia's citizens speak Russian as a second language. Most suppose the speakers of Armenian to have come to the region from the west, supplanting the Urartuan culture they encountered. Armenian-Kurdish relations. [4] A 2012 opinion poll showed that 94% of Armenians have basic knowledge of Russian, with 24% having advanced knowledge, 59% intermediate knowledge and 11% having beginner level knowledge. [108] The Middle Armenian variety used in the court of Cilician Armenia (10801375) provides a window into the development of Western Armenian, which came to be based on what became the dialect of Istanbul, while the standard for Eastern Armenian was based on the dialect around Mount Ararat and Yerevan. The earliest record of the name " Armenia ". Western Armenian has simplified the occlusive system into a simple division between voiced occlusives and aspirated ones; the first series corresponds to the tenuis series of Eastern Armenian, and the second corresponds to the Eastern voiced and aspirated series. [14], The 2001 census revealed 29,563 people with Russian as their native language, from which 14,728 were ethnic Armenians. This new alphabet was first used to translate the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament. An example of the difference between the two varieties of Modern Armenian can be seen in two common personal names of Greek origin that are pronounced /Petros/ and /Grigor/ in Eastern Armenian, without any change as regards the voicing, but /Bedros/ and /Krikor/ in Western Armenian. NETBible: Armenian Versions, Of The Bible There was even an Armenian translation of the grammatical treatise of Dionysius Thrax. The Armenian language and dialect as represented by this Indo-European Linguasphere is the only one to remain intact to its origins. Armenian (classical: , reformed: , hayeren, [hjn]) is an Indo-European language belonging to an independent branch of which it is the only member. Armenia's constitution does not specify the linguistic standard. Scholars generally believe Greek, Iranian, and Phrygian to have had the most linguistic influence on Armenian. And for the long time of the oppression of the Ottoman Empire a part of Turkish words penetrated into the Armenian vocabulary. Armenian corresponds with other Indo-European languages in its structure, but it shares distinctive sounds and features of its grammar with neighboring languages of the Caucasus region. Circumstances under Which Made: Armenia was in large measure Christianized by Gregory Lousavorich ("the Illuminator": consecrated 302 AD; died 332), but, as Armenian had not been reduced to writing, the Scriptures used to be read in some places in Greek, in others in Syriac, and translated . "Recent Armenological Research of Indo-European Relevance." 107,002 of the English-second language speakers are ethnic Armenians, the other 920 are of other ethnicities. But what does this word mean? Armenian is the language used by the 8-9 million Armenians. The oldest documents in Armenian, dating back to the invention of the alphabet in the fifth century A.D., are of a primarily ecclesiastic nature. AD At that time an alphabet of 36 letters was specially designed for Armenian by St. Mesrop, who used Greek and Iranian letters as a basis. Armenian has its own unique script, the Armenian alphabet, invented in 405-406 AD by the ancient linguist and cleric Mesrop Mashtots. Taking that into account, there are eleven thousand routs (nine hundred of them originated from the Indo-European language), seven cases, eight types of declension, five moods, three voices and three persons in the Armenian language. [74], The Book of Lamentations by Gregory of Narek (9511003) is an example of the development of a literature and writing style of Old Armenian by the 10th century. Ancient Armenian literary language got its processing is mainly due to the Armenian clergy, among them, for example, Yeznik Koghbatsi (374 / 380-450), considered one of the founders of the literary language drevenarmyanskogo. Armenian-Kurdish relations - Wikipedia Modern Armenian embraces two written varietiesWestern Armenian ( Arewmtahayern) and Eastern Armenian ( Arewelahayern)and many dialects are spoken. Armenian Language Program | Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Armenian language | Britannica Ancient Armenia - Wikipedia The language is spoken by approximately four million people still living within the borders of the republic. Speakers of Armenian appear to have replaced an earlier population of Urartian speakers (see Ch. The Armenian language seems to have undergone several changes between the time of arrival into the transcaucasian region and the invention of the alphabet in the fifth century A.D., but unfortunately documentary evidence for the language during this period is lacking. Stable population by sex, by mother tongue categories of localities, macro-regions, development regions and counties]", National Institute of Statistics of Romania, "GYVENTOJAI PAGAL TAUTYB, GIMTJ KALB IR TIKYB Lietuvos Respublikos 2011 met visuotinio gyventoj ir bst suraymo rezultatai", "Population by mother tongue, nationality and sex", "Population 31.12. by Region, Language, Age, Sex, Year and Information: Armenian", " ", "Armenian alphabet, language and pronunciation", "ber die Stellung des armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen", Armenian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words, ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The modern language also has an f /f/. Therefore, there are 31 . [64][65][66][67] Early and strong evidence was given by Euler's 1979 examination on shared features in Greek and Sanskrit nominal flection. Armenian shares the augment and a negator derived from the set phrase in the Proto-Indo-European language *ne hoyu kid ("never anything" or "always nothing"), the representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels, and other phonological and morphological peculiarities with Greek. James Clackson (2008). Albanian language shows here again a connection to ancient languages Find royalty-free ANCIENT-ARMENIAN-LANGUAGE stock photos, images, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Haik killed Bel and became ruler of the Armenian land, and the descendants of Haik later defended Armenia from the forces of Assyria. Armenia was expressed in only one language country by the second century BC. Below each letter is shown its transliteration into the Latin alphabet and, between brackets, its equivalent in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Armenian alphabet, The Armenian alphabet.script developed for the Armenian language in the 5th century ad and still in use. inscription in Behistun by the Persian king Darius I. Like other small communities, the Greeks of Armenia speak mostly Russian, though many especially of the older generation have the ability to speak Pontic Greek, a Greek dialect, native to the southern shore of the Black Sea (the Black Sea Region of modern-day Turkey). Graeco-Aryan has comparatively wide support among Indo-Europeanists who believe the Indo-European homeland to be located in the Armenian Highlands, the "Armenian hypothesis". In fact, the remote ancestors of the Armenians at one time were once part of the broader Indo-European dialect . The Origin of Armenian Surnames - bayazet.ru Arm. [30][31], Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. Ughtasar: The Petroglyphs of Armenia - Armenian Youth Federation [32] It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family.

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