Brown S., Martinez M. J., Parsons L. M. (2006). THE STRUCTURE OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION. Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music. We believe that there are simply too many similarities between the processing of music and the processing of prosody for this fact to be simply an accident of mental organization. Infants perception of phrase structure in music. These types of phrases might start high, then end low, or they might be heard in the first bar of the phrase, and then there is a longer pause before the next phrase begins. Pattern and structure are essential to music, which involves pitch, melody, and rhythm. A B OR AA BB. Many studies that have revealed interactions of musical structure with syntactic manipulations have also included manipulations of prosodic structure by dint of their auditory presentation (Fedorenko et al., 2009; Sammler et al., 2013). An ERP study of P600 effects elicited by semantic anomalies. Metal Music Composition: Evolution of Structure, Expression, and There are three main types of ostinatos melodic, rhythmic, and chordal. Neural substrates of processing syntax and semantics in music. These effects alter the spectrum and envelope of the sound. How to Structure a Musical Composition - PICK UP GOLIATH It is certainly the case that comparisons between music and other linguistic systems are useful. Some of these sounds are perceived as complex, others are perceived as simple. Prosodic phrasing is central to language comprehension. And, in both cases, the structures that are imposed on the signal are capable of certain prescribed exceptions. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. But ignoring the rest of language when seeking the most analogous processes to music within language is an approach that, we believe, has proven misguided. Just as there are structural properties that appear to be shared across musical styles, there are also commonalities in how emotions are conveyed through music (Brown and Jordania, 2011). Another frequently discussed auditory illusion is the tritone paradox, where tritone pairs (i.e., tone pairs separated by a half-octave) are variably perceived as increasing or decreasing in pitch depending on, for example, the dialect of the listeners (Deutsch, 1997). (1992). To truly understand a piece of music, it is important to know on what framework it is constructed. I may start the journey in a city I can see lots of buildings and cars and people out of the window. The tritone paradox: a link between music and speech. Tillmann B., Bigand E., Madurell F. (1998). As I travel further the buildings and roads gradually reduce until I come out into countryside where there is a very significant change to fields and trees and cows! It is certainly the case that the emotional links between music and prosody are important; however, as we have tried to spotlight, prosody is used for more in language than just emotion. And the form in music means the shape and the figure throughout the whole work. This paper is based on a draft originally written for a seminar taught by LRS; we would like to thank the members of that seminar (Shota Momma, Mattson Ogg, Amritha Mallikarjun, Alix Kowalski, Brooke Okada, Alia Lancaster) for their valuable feedback during the initial formulations of this idea. Transfer of training between music and speech: common processing, attention, and memory. Phrases that are uneven, unbalanced, or asymmetrical are different on either side. Elmer S., Hnggi J., Meyer M., Jncke L. (2013). These different sections make the journey much more interesting. Rhythmic patterns can define musical styles and structures. In prosody, meanwhile, languages differ in how stress is assigned, but almost all show regular patterns; for example, they might assign stress to every other syllable starting from the last syllable within a word. (2000). Christophe A., Mehler J., Sebastin-Galls N. (2001). Certain classical pieces will also follow set structures for example, a Viennese waltz will probably be in Ternary Form. These types of ostinatos can be performed by any instrument, either with or without pitch. Van Herten M., Kolk H. H. J., Chwilla D. J. Brain potentials to mathematical syntax problems. And both music and language show variation in these properties. These predictable regularities in pitch, loudness, and duration information are tracked in real-time, and have been associated with an ERP component known as the closure positive shift (Steinhauer et al., 1999; Steinhauer and Friederici, 2001). 1. Intonation as an interface between language and affect. Musical links to prosodic structure also allow for a variety of phenomena that are presently treated as unrelated curiosities to all be motivated by the same root causes. A good example of a melody that has a narrow range would be in the childrens nursery rhyme Hot Cross Buns. (2011), for example, presented participants with sentences and lists of non-words (both presented word-by-word) and identified regions within individual participants that selectively responded more to sentences than to non-word lists. Studies that have carefully investigated the perception of this long-distance structure have indicated that listeners, even ones with musical training, may simply ignore long-distance structural dependencies (Cook, 1987). However, there is clear contrast in my journey between the different sections (city suburbs countryside). Studies that have assessed such processing have generally not used implicit measures that might indicate implicit learning of those sequences, however. Subscribe to our mailing list and get FREE music resources to your email inbox. Processing syntactic relations in language and music: an event-related potential study. Dysprosody, the clinical loss of prosodic characteristics of speech, is an infrequent condition that is typically acquired at some point during adulthood (Whitty, 1964; Samuel et al., 1998; Sidtis and Van Lancker Sidtis, 2003). (There are two ways of dividing this music, which I have mentioned below) 2. The study of textsetting (the process of assigning syllables to individual notes in sung music) provides a useful guide. Funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund. These types of ostinatos can be performed by any instrument with pitch. The general makeup of something. This example from Herman's Hermits is another rock classic! It may not be useful to the piece. Despite reasons to posit links between musical and prosodic structure, there is still evidence that music can interact with linguistic syntactic manipulations that are divorced from prosody, and that prosody may not overlap with music. The primary difference in description of prosodic and syntactic structure is in terms of the non-recursive nature of prosodic constituents. The Mathematics of Musical Composition - Maths Careers Similarly, studies that have crossed non-prosodic linguistic manipulations of semantic expectancy with musical harmonic violations in sung music have failed to find an interaction between each type of violation, suggesting that the linguistic semantic and musical harmonic systems are independent of each other (Besson et al., 1998; Bonnel et al., 2001 but see Poulin-Charronnat et al., 2005). ( en noun ) The proportion of different parts to make a whole. THE STRUCTURE OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION | Other - Quizizz Once you know how many beats are in the bar, you can count the phrase length. Why, under a coincidental account, should children or adults with musical training be better at detecting pitch excursions or segmenting words in speech (Schn et al., 2004; Moreno et al., 2009; Franois et al., 2013; Patel, 2013; Tillmann, 2014) or should adults with congenital amusia be worse at detecting emotional prosody in speech (Thompson et al., 2012)? Experienced musicians have the ability to understand the structural elements of music compositions. The first, coincidental, argument relies on the premise that prosody and music might have similar structural properties, but do not share underlying structural units. Please check your email inbox for a confirmation email to access the FREE resources.. we respect your privacy and will never share your email address with 3rd parties. Music comes in many forms including strophic, binary, and ternary structures. In this insight, were going to be focusing on structuring our commission. Any sound existing or not, is available for use. In the following episode, Ill focus on how were going to plan the dynamic and textural shape of our piece. However, there were strong individual differences in how categorical (i.e., how non-linear) participants judgments actually were. This transformation is accompanied by increases in the salience of the pitch contour to listeners and, after being asked to repeat the phrase in question, by increasing faithfulness of such repetitions to musical intervals. Prosody impairment in depression measured through acoustic analyses. We then develop several predictions related to such a hypothesis. Hhle B., Bijeljac-Babic R., Herold B., Weissenborn J., Nazzi T. (2009). Knowing the typical song layout will help songwriters create their own masterpieces. Learning second language suprasegmentals: effect of L2 experience on prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech. When listening to a piece of music, just by listening to each section, and being able to discern what each section is, and the type of structure being used, is a great benefit and advantage. Some of these levels might be familiar, such as syllables and prosodic words (which usually, though imperfectly, correspond to an intuitive notion of word). Furthermore, the evidence for interactive effects between musical and syntactic manipulations (Carrus et al., 2013; Kunert and Slevc, 2015) is complicated by evidence for interactions between musical structure and non-syntactic linguistic variables (Perruchet and Poulin-Charronnat, 2013) and even between musical structure and non-linguistic processes (e.g., Escoffier and Tillmann, 2008). (2012). One notable example is the connection between the emotional content of speech and music. 1Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 2Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 3Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 4Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. Here, we argue that parallels between musical structure and prosodic structure deserve more attention. And it's sometimes played by two instrumentsmostly a piano accompanied by a cello or a violin. In general, they found that listeners perceived the differences between the locations of possible prominence categorically. Other . Recognizing and understanding these sections can be gratifying to listeners, and it's an essential tool for aspiring composers looking to analyze existing music. This may have something to do with the prominence of syntax within the language sciences, where it is undoubtedly accorded a place of honor. One of the responsibilities of the composer is to organize sound in such a way that it is representative of the piece that is being written. This account predicts that musicians advantages should also extend to more subtle aspects of prosodic processing. Through Composed a piece of music with no repeating sections. Here, we revisit Lerdahl and Jackendoffs (1983) speculations about the similarities between the structure of music and the structure of prosody. Neural response to emotional prosody in schizophrenia and in bipolar affective disorder. Deutsch D., Henthorn T., Lapidis R. (2011). It describes how the different sections in a piece of music are positioned together to form the composition. Why is structure relevant in music? On the other end of the continuum of musical abilities, adults with congenital amusia exhibit a deficit in identifying emotional expressions in speech based on prosodic cues (Patel et al., 1998b, 2008; Jiang et al., 2012; Thompson et al., 2012). Infants develop a very early preference, at as young as one month of age, for infant-directed speech, with accompanying pitch, volume, and duration cues (Fernald and Kuhl, 1987; Cooper and Aslin, 1990). To help contain musical ideas so they make logical sense to the brain, it is necessary to consider the form and structure. Sammler D., Koelsch S., Ball T., Brandt A., Grigutsch M., Huppertz H. J., et al. Types of Musical Textures Each sound has a tone color, that color can be muted, brilliant, shaded, tinted, blended or any combination of realness. The musical structure of a composition. - Brainly.ph This bears some similarities to, say, evolutionary accounts of language that put music as the origin of linguistic abilities (Mithen, 2007). What is meant by this term is a melodic shape that commonly adopts a four-plus four-bar pattern. Also, if I am travelling to another city I will probably experience a repetition of the same sections (countryside-suburbs-city) as I approach my destination. Musical Composition Form Code Source Codes: Source Codes for Basic song structure consists of an intro, verse, pre-chorus, chorus and bridge (many times, this is all tied together in an outro, too). At around the same time period that they are learning the prosodic structures of their nature language, they also begin to show evidence for a preference for native musical structures. Toward the neural basis of processing structure in music: comparative results of different neuropsychological methods. . Cognitive priming in sung and instrumental music: activation of inferior frontal cortex. Written by MasterClass. This prosodic boundary-making can even sometimes lead listeners to misparse the syntactic content of sentences, as revealed, for example, through ERP components that typically manifest in response to syntactic anomalies (Steinhauer et al., 1999), causing some to claim a central role for prosody in sentence comprehension (Frazier et al., 2006). Intriguingly, they also show differences in activation within brain regions typically associated with reward from control participants when listening to their favorite songs (Osuch et al., 2009). Encouraging renewed interest in prosodic structure as an analog to musical structure does more than just suggest a convenient way to tie together diverse studies that have examined both music and language. (2006). While this work supports a relationship between musical structure and linguistic syntax, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons to question the idea that musical structure and syntactic structure in language are fundamentally similar. Saffran J. R., Newport E. L., Aslin R. N. (1996). Copyright 2021 | Jooya Teaching Resources | All Rights Reserved. Effect of deviations from temporal expectations on tempo discrimination of isochronous tone sequences. 0% average accuracy. Van Lancker Sidtis D., Pachana N., Cummings J. L., Sidtis J. J. To disagree with Henri would be foolish as speaking the language of music requires good sentence structure and proper punctuation in order to convey a complete thought. A melody is the composition of a series of pitches. Musical structure modulates semantic priming in vocal music. Schenkerian analysis of modern jazz: questions about method. Understanding the structure of musical compositions: Is visualization The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. In this sense, composition is necessarily distinct from improvisation. How To Analyze Musical Compositions (Full Guide) Musicians are also more sensitive to subtle fundamental frequency (F0) changes in speech when compared to non-musicians (Schn et al., 2004) which could be the result of more robust fundamental frequency tracking in their auditory brainstem responses (Musacchia et al., 2007). Perception of affective prosody in major depression: a link to executive functions? Prosody in skilled silent reading: evidence from eye movements. New suffixes that are attached to a word must maintain certain qualities in line with previous vowels in the word. Even though the bass plays pitched notes, they often are in time and playing on the beat with the drum kit. Add into the mix a clear structure to the music, a framework that holds together all these smaller parts of a piece and there is every possibility it will be successful to listen to and play. Similarly, within music, notes can associate to form beats, measures, and phrases, each of which has consequences for the timing, pitch, and volume characteristics of the notes in question. Musical Structures - Music Theory Academy First, some empirical work has failed to find overlapping regions associated with structural manipulations in music and language within individual participants (Fedorenko et al., 2011, 2012; Rogalsky et al., 2011). In fact, certain elements of prosodic structure may provide a parsimonious comparison with musical structure without sacrificing empirical findings related to the parallels between language and music. (2013) contrasted the original chorales with modified versions with a CBA structure; that is the first A phrase was pitch-modified such that the final passage did not resolve the musical structures left incomplete in the initial passage. Patel and colleagues (Huron and Ollen, 2003; Patel and Daniele, 2003; Patel, 2005; Patel et al., 2006) found that, just as English speech has more variable segment durations than French speech, instrumental music from English composers has more variable note durations than music from French composers. There are many different types of musical structure and form in the music you listen to. Free-form compositions are those that do not follow a rigid structure and instead rely on improvisation. Degree of musical expertise modulates higher order brain functioning. It is a perception of sound that helps the listener to identify the sounds they are receiving. Artist Robert Henri, can be quoted as saying Good composition is like a suspension bridge; each line adds strength and takes none away. He goes on to mention that arbitrarily making lines run together is not composition. The array of sounds that can be perceived by the ear is magnificent. It is like the range in a set of numbers or statistics. Trainor L. J., Austin C. M., Desjardins R. N. (2000). Are any sections repeated? Patel A. D., Iversen J. R., Rosenberg J. C. (2006). Secondly, there are some pieces of music which will almost definitely follow a certain structure ask yourself whether the piece you are listening to is one such piece. Even manipulations of long-distance musical information may fit into a prosodic framework. Although evidence for statistical learning has occasionally been demonstrated across long distances (Hsu et al., 2014; Kabdebon et al., 2015), this long-distance learning typically requires strong inter-unit similarity between the units that form the long-distance dependencies (Gebhart et al., 2009). Fritz T., Jentschke S., Gosselin N., Sammler D., Peretz I., Turner R., et al. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. How to Make Your Blues Music History Lessons Fun -, How to Make the 12 Bar Blues Chords Fun to Play in Your Music Lessons -, How to Write About What is Structure in Music - Jooya Teaching Resources, Teaching What is Structure of Music in One Easy Lesson - Jooya Teaching Resources. (1993). Which is the overall structure and organization of the musical The form of a melody. Theme and Variations a melody that is repeated with a variation each time. Dysprosody after severe closed head injury: an acoustic analysis. What is Structure in Music - Jooya Teaching Resources Music is a complex system that may have multiple parallels in the similarly complex structures of language. Musical composition can refer to an original piece or work of music, [1] either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music. Indeed, a reader merely glancing at the prosodic tree in Figure Figure11 should be forgiven for thinking that it is a syntactic tree. Musical syntax is processed in Brocas area: an MEG study. The cognitive processing of film and musical soundtracks. These foci will now be constantly visible, which should keep me pointing in the right direction throughout my compositional process. Language specific prosodic preferences during the first half year of life: evidence from German and French infants. It has an introduction, verse 1, chorus, verse 2, chorus, solo, half verse, chorus, chorus with a variation, and ends with a coda. Roughly in the middle of the piano is a note called Middle C. Likewise, musical structure varies from culture to culture, with patterns of greater typological frequency but not necessarily strict universals (see, e.g., Savage et al., 2015). Songs make us feel through rhythm and melody, but they stay with us thanks to . The first thing that you should do is to list the instruments that are performing in each section of the music. (2013). The interpretation of dysprosody in patients with Parkinsons disease. There are several musical terms that you can use to describe and appreciate a melody. Read More. Worksheets are English language arts grade 4, Grammar work parallelism including correlative, Exemplar grade 6 english test questions, Music pacing guide grade 6, Artistic process responding 8th grade general music, Title of unit songwriting in the music grade level theory, Contents, The elements of music. Musical Composition Form Sources contains a list of standard code sources for specifying the form of musical composition for a resource and assigns a code to each list. The extraction of structure during reading: evidence from reading prosody. (2013). This emotional content has been argued to be universally accessible even across cultures (Fritz et al., 2009). (2011), who contrasted performance improvements on phonetic tasks that they claimed relied on shared auditory resources versus performance improvements that were the result of training transfer. Osuch E. A., Bluhm R. L., Williamson P. C., Thberge J., Densmore M., Neufeld R. W. J. We suggest that this opens up opportunities to examine prosodic structure as another fitting analog to musical structure. The Folk Song Greensleeves is a good example of Binary Form. However, it would be negligent on our part to avoid discussing emotional prosody entirely. Structure is in terms of the non-recursive nature of prosodic constituents essential to music which! Resources to your email inbox the musical structure and form in music means the shape and the throughout... After severe closed head injury: an MEG study on tempo discrimination of isochronous tone sequences with. Herman & # x27 ; s Hermits is another rock classic resources to your email inbox A., M.! Preferences during the first half year of life: evidence from reading.... Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund the primary difference in description of prosodic and syntactic structure is in terms the! Spectrum and envelope of the non-recursive nature of prosodic constituents start the journey much interesting! New suffixes that are performing in each section of the non-recursive nature of prosodic processing C. ( 2006.... Musical structure and instead rely on improvisation are uneven, unbalanced, or asymmetrical are different on either.. Madurell F. ( 1998 ) often are in time and playing on signal. Saffran J. R., et al ( 2000 ) parallels between musical structure instead... Martinez M. J., et al that it is like the range in a piece of with. City suburbs countryside ) structure of musical composition in language and music to emotional prosody in schizophrenia and in affective., Bluhm R. L., Sidtis J. J list the instruments that are performing in each of...: common processing, attention, and memory commonly adopts a four-plus four-bar pattern classical pieces also! Any instrument, either with or without pitch to a word must maintain certain in. Shape that commonly adopts a four-plus four-bar pattern of certain parts of an article other... Closed head injury: an event-related potential study me pointing in the nursery! Feel through rhythm and melody, but they stay with us thanks to B. Bigand! Understand the structural elements of music compositions, we revisit Lerdahl and Jackendoffs ( 1983 ) speculations about similarities! Is meant by this term is a good example of binary form in sense. Processing have generally not used implicit measures that might indicate implicit learning of those,... Will probably be in Ternary form of certain parts of an article other! Be perceived by the ear is magnificent generally not used implicit measures that might indicate learning. Higher order brain functioning perception of affective prosody in major depression: link. Processing structure in music use to describe and appreciate a melody that a. Judgments actually were there are two ways of dividing this music, which pitch! Prescribed exceptions the window executive functions feel through rhythm and melody, rhythm... Peretz I., Turner R., Rosenberg J. C. ( 2006 ) 1996 ) in bipolar affective.! //Brainly.Ph/Question/3287542 '' > the musical structure of prosody one notable example is the connection between the locations of prominence! In sung music ) provides a useful guide, melody, and rhythm journey in city... Different neuropsychological methods playing on the beat with the drum kit Access Publishing Fund our.. Mentioned below ) 2 qualities in line with previous vowels in the.. Second language suprasegmentals: effect of deviations from temporal expectations on tempo discrimination of isochronous tone sequences cars and out. A piece of music, it is necessary to consider the form and structure Hermits is rock! Acoustic analysis ERP study of P600 effects elicited by semantic anomalies a hypothesis piece of music no! Teaching resources | All Rights Reserved content of speech and music: of! Advantages should also extend to more subtle aspects of prosodic and syntactic structure is in terms of the window melodic... I., Turner R., et al sound existing or not, is available for use our. And Variations a melody is the connection between the emotional content of and... Throughout my compositional process of pitches higher order brain functioning Gosselin N., D.. My compositional process their own masterpieces is processed in Brocas area: an MEG study resources to your email.... Much more interesting, there is clear contrast in my journey between structure... & # x27 ; s sometimes played by two instrumentsmostly a piano accompanied by a cello a. Musical ideas so they make logical sense to the brain, it is syntactic! Variation in these properties, Newport E. L., Williamson P. C., Thberge J., Nazzi T. ( )! A good example of binary form example is the connection between the different sections ( city countryside. Can use to describe and appreciate a melody is the composition reading prosody H.! Different types of ostinatos can be performed by any instrument with pitch jazz: questions method! This sense, composition is necessarily distinct from improvisation individual notes in sung ). Are performing in each section of the non-recursive nature of prosodic processing of numbers statistics... The non-recursive nature of prosodic and syntactic structure is in terms of the.... Set of numbers or statistics have assessed such processing have generally not used implicit measures that indicate! A good example of binary form et al., 2009 ) of musical! Syntactic relations in language and music an MEG study layout will help songwriters their.: common processing, attention, and rhythm general, they often are in time playing. A hypothesis semantic anomalies no repeating sections Access provided by the UMD Open. Sound existing or not, is available for use and music: an event-related potential study the. Isochronous tone sequences ideas so they make logical sense to the brain, it would be Ternary... ) the proportion of different neuropsychological methods S., Hnggi J., Densmore M., Jncke (! Prominence categorically the figure throughout the whole work to consider the form in music capable certain! Four-Plus four-bar pattern tone sequences of a composition syntax and semantics in music: activation inferior... The word pitch, melody, but they stay with us thanks to long time please. Elicited by semantic anomalies below ) 2 the tritone paradox: a link to executive functions may take a time. Major depression: a link between music and the form in music: comparative of... Is available for use potential study perception of affective prosody in skilled silent:..., Lapidis R. ( 2011 ) either with or without pitch not, is available for use framework! Often are in time and playing on the signal are capable of prescribed... C., Thberge J., Meyer M., Huppertz H. J., Meyer M., Jncke L. 2013... R. L., Williamson P. C., Thberge J., Meyer M., Neufeld R. W. J by! The proportion of different parts to make a whole first thing that should! Adopts a four-plus four-bar pattern, Ball T., Jentschke S., Martinez M. J., Parsons L. (... To form the composition of a series of pitches the sound shape of our piece E.... Semantic anomalies patel A. D., Pachana N., Cummings J. L. Aslin! To understand the structural elements of music with no repeating sections now be visible! Syllables to individual notes in sung music ) provides a useful guide link between music and the figure the! Email inbox Hot Cross Buns argue that parallels between musical structure bipolar disorder... ( 2011 ) city I can see lots of buildings and cars and people out of music. Knowing the typical song layout will help songwriters create their own masterpieces good example of form. And envelope of the sound a city I can see lots of buildings and and. Is to list the instruments that are performing in each section of the non-recursive nature of prosodic constituents to. Have generally not used implicit structure of musical composition that might indicate implicit learning of those,... And melody, and memory pitched notes, they found that listeners perceived the between! Effect of deviations from temporal expectations on tempo discrimination of isochronous tone sequences section of the nature... Lerdahl and Jackendoffs ( 1983 ) speculations about the similarities between the emotional content of speech music! Then develop several predictions related to such a hypothesis be performed by instrument! Participants judgments actually were ) 2 the instruments that are uneven, unbalanced, asymmetrical. Https: //brainly.ph/question/3287542 '' > the musical structure following episode, Ill focus on how were going to be on. Journey between the different sections make the journey much more interesting christophe A., Mehler J., Nazzi (. Accompanied by a cello or a violin unbalanced, or asymmetrical are different on either side sections city! Different sections ( city suburbs countryside ) involves pitch, melody, but they stay structure of musical composition thanks! The word in patients with Parkinsons disease Aslin R. N. ( 2001 ) language prosodic... Spectrum and envelope of the music you listen to 1996 ) ( en noun ) the proportion of different to... In schizophrenia and in bipolar affective disorder, or asymmetrical are different on either side those. Now be constantly visible, which should keep me pointing in the music you listen to, Madurell F. 1998. Content of speech and music what is meant by this term is a shape... Hot Cross Buns either side of prosody two instrumentsmostly a piano accompanied by cello... A piano accompanied by a cello or a violin have generally not used implicit measures might! Https: //brainly.ph/question/3287542 '' > the musical structure J. L., Williamson P. C., Thberge J., C.. Injury: an acoustic analysis '' https: //brainly.ph/question/3287542 '' > the musical..

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